West Indian Bay
Pimenta racemosa
Caribbean, South America
Traditional Uses
Relief of muscle aches, joint pain, rheumatism and arthritis; treatment of colds, coughs, congestion and fevers; management of digestive complaints including indigestion and stomach discomfort; applied topically for minor wounds and skin infections; traditionally used as hair and scalp tonic to promote scalp health
Modern Research Uses
Used in modern essential oils, massage oils and aromatherapy for pain relief and muscle relaxation; investigated for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties; incorporated into hair care products, natural cosmetics, soaps and fragrances
Mechanism of Action
Eugenol is absorbed through the skin after topical application and then subsequently inhbitis cyclooxygenase enzymes that reduces prostglandin synthesis; this decreases local inflammation and reduce the sensitization of pain receptors; eugenol also exerts a mild anesthetic effect by decreasing the excitability of peropheral sensory nerves, resulting in reduced pain perception
Body Systems Affected
Prep & Administration
Toxicity Notes
Musculoskeletal, Respiratory, Digestive, Skin, Nervous
Tea, Poultice, Liquid/ alcohol-based extracts
Low
Possible side effectis include skin irritation or contact dermatitis, GI irritation; diluted preparations are suggested for the skin